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2026年1月托福机经套卷(第7套)Read an Academic Passage5 道题

Engineering Earth's Climate

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Engineering Earth's Climate Earth systems engineering and management (ESEM) focuses on manipulating Earth's processes to address environmental challenges. This field combines engineering, environmental science, and policy-making to devise solutions for climate change and other issues. One method of ESEM is geoengineering, which involves deliberate intervention in Earth's climate system to counteract global warming. Geoengineering techniques fall into two categories: solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR). SRM aims to reflect sunlight into space to cool the planet. Techniques include injecting aerosols into the stratosphere and deploying reflective mirrors. CDR focuses on reducing greenhouse gas concentrations through methods like afforestation, ocean fertilization, and direct air capture of CO2. Implementing geoengineering presents challenges. Technological feasibility is a concern, as many techniques are experimental. There are ethical and governance issues, such as who controls these interventions and how impacts are monitored. Additionally, unintended consequences may arise, causing more harm than good. Despite these challenges, ESEM offers solutions to mitigate climate change. Integrating engineering with environmental management can lead to innovative approaches for sustainability. Collaborative efforts between scientists, engineers, and policymakers are crucial to developing safe strategies.
Question 1查看单题
Which of the following is true of Earth systems engineering and management (ESEM)?
AIt finds solutions for problems by allowing natural processes to work themselves out.
BIt uses the resources of multiple disciplines to accomplish its goals.
CIt focuses exclusively on counteracting global warming.
DIt is also known as geoengineering.
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正确答案：B
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Question 2查看单题
What is the basic difference between the two categories of geoengineering techniques?
ASRM merely manages solar radiation, while CDR removes it altogether.
BSRM injects aerosols into the stratosphere, while CDR deploys reflective mirrors.
CSRM lowers greenhouse gas concentrations, while CDR directly captures CO2.
DSRM reduces the effects of global warming, while CDR reduces its causes.
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正确答案：D
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Question 3查看单题
The word "feasibility" in the passage is closest in meaning to
Acost
Bworkability
Cspecialty
Drisk
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正确答案：B
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Question 4查看单题
What is one ongoing question raised by geoengineering?
AWhat types of collaboration are required in order to develop safe strategies
BWhether existing experimental techniques can be sustained
CWho bears responsibility for implementing changes
DWhether it can be integrated with environmental management
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正确答案：C
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Question 5查看单题
There are four locations █ in the passage that indicate where the following sentence could be added.
Careful consideration is needed to assess the long-term impacts.
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