原题
The transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agriculture marked a pivotal shift in early civilizations. Fertile river valleys enabled sustained crop production, leading to food surpluses that supported population growth and permanent settlements. Surplus reso allowed so individuals t specialize i non-agricultural ro, giving ri to soc stratification a centralized auth. Leader eme to manage distribution, enforce rules, and coordinate communal projects such as irrigation. These developments laid the foundation for political organization and institutionalized power structures.
参考答案：urces me o n les se ial nd ority rged
解题思路
老师暂未填写解题思路。