2026年1月托福机经套卷(第10套) - Read an Academic Passage / 2 Q1

Stoicism in Ancient Philosophy Stoicism, an ancient philosophical school founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century B.C.E., emphasizes rationality and self-control as the path to a virtuous life. Stoics believe that the universe is governed by reason, and understanding this helps individuals align with nature, achieving inner tranquility. Central to Stoic philosophy is the dichotomy of control. Some things are within our control while others are not. Stoics argue that focusing on what can be controlled, such as actions and thoughts, leads to a peaceful and content life. Events outside one's control should be accepted with equanimity. A phrase that is commonly used today is "Stoic pause." It refers to the internal deliberation to insert a moment of reflection before reacting emotionally, a handy trick employed by business leaders in high-stake negotiations. Stoic principles are also incorporated into cognitive-behavioral therapy, where patients are encouraged to learn to identify and challenge irrational thoughts so that they can change their emotional responses. For example, those who are anxious about public speaking can learn to reframe their fear by focusing on preparing for their speech and to expect realistic outcomes. They are taught to approach their fear rationally and ignore what is outside their control.