2026年2月托福机经套卷(第2套) - Read an Academic Passage Q4

Microseisms: The Earth's Subtle Vibrations The Earth is constantly vibrating, even when there are no earthquakes. These subtle vibrations, known as microseisms, are typically caused by ocean waves. When waves collide, they create pressure variations that travel through the water and into the sea floor. This energy transfer generates seismic waves detectable by seismometers worldwide. Interestingly, microseisms are strongest during storms when ocean waves are more powerful. Researchers have found these vibrations can provide important information about the Earth's interior. Microseisms travel through the Earth's crust and mantle, revealing details about the geological structures they pass through, including variations in rock density and the presence of faults or fractures. Another compelling use of microseisms is in climate studies. Scientists analyze historical data on these vibrations to reconstruct past ocean conditions and storm activities. This helps improve climate models and understand long-term weather patterns. Additionally, microseisms are used in oil and gas exploration. They identify potential drilling sites by highlighting subsurface structures without more invasive techniques. Studying microseisms is challenging. The mild signals are easily masked by other seismic noises. Advanced data analysis techniques and state-of-the-art equipment are essential for accurately interpreting microseisms. Researchers often employ filtering methods and cross-referencing data from multiple seismometers.